The Fight for Truth in Indian Cinema: A Story of Censorship and Resistance
Honey Trehan, a filmmaker from Punjab, has long wanted to share a crucial story about the horrors faced in his home state during the 1990s. At that time, thousands of people were killed by police trying to suppress a separatist movement. Many residents in Punjab consider this era one of the darkest chapters in India’s recent past. An activist named Jaswant Singh Khalra, who uncovered these atrocities, is remembered as a national hero, tragically losing his life in the process.
In 2022, Trehan completed a movie focusing on Khalra and the police’s illegal actions, titled Ghallughara, referencing a historical massacre of Sikhs. However, the film faced significant hurdles in India. For over three years, the country’s film censorship board prevented its release. Finally, last week, the film was made available on a streaming platform but was taken down within two days upon government orders, citing national security risks.
Trehan described the struggle to get Satluj, the new title for the film, released as “dystopian.” He labeled the censorship as undemocratic and believes that the current political climate under Prime Minister Narendra Modi is reshaping India’s filmmaking landscape. He feels that the industry is now often used as a tool for promoting the government’s right-wing agenda, leaving little space for diverse stories.
“It’s evident that there’s no creative freedom in India today,” Trehan stated. He questioned whether democracy truly exists when films are blocked and banned. Discussions about Punjab’s separatist movement remain particularly sensitive for the Modi government, reflecting the broader fears of political backlash.
The censorship board justified the ban on Satluj by claiming it lacked “balance” and was biased against police actions. Trehan noted, “If a film casts Muslims in a negative light, it wins applause in parliament. But if you reveal uncomfortable truths from our past, you’re suddenly labeled a threat.”
Sadly, Trehan is not alone in facing challenges with India’s Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC). Many filmmakers have accused the board of pushing a political agenda aligned with Hindu nationalism. While the board is meant to be independent, its actions raise concerns about potential government influence.
According to Trehan, the film board operates in a way that controls the narratives within the industry. Censorship has led to a pattern of filmmakers self-editing their work to secure releases, which threatens their creative expression.
For example, Trehan faced demands for 127 edits on Satluj, including removing mentions of police brutality and significant historical figures and events. He even faced requests to erase Khalra’s name entirely from the film.
Many Bollywood films with government support, like The Kashmir Files and The Kerala Story, have been allowed to air despite their controversial content. Meanwhile, Satluj struggles to find its audience.
Anna MM Vetticad, a prominent film journalist, explained that the obstacles facing Trehan reflect a broader trend of pressure on filmmakers to avoid highlighting societal issues or presenting India negatively. The environment created by censors has instilled fear, pushing many artists toward self-censorship.
Trehan remarked that although many filmmakers share his experiences, there is little unity in the industry due to fear of repercussions that could endanger their careers. He shared how censors went so far as to ask him to alter historical names to fit a political narrative.
After much frustration with the CBFC, Trehan opted for a digital release that didn’t require official approval. He never anticipated the government would ban the film outright, finding the decision chilling. Yet, rather than causing unrest, Satluj has fostered community gatherings across Punjab for underground screenings, with many people coming together to watch it.
At a recent memorial event for Khalra, attendees gathered at the Sutlej River, a place symbolizing the pain and loss from the past, while families of victims protested the film’s ban. Ranjit Singh, whose father was killed by police, described the film as a vital record of his father’s suffering, expressing how deeply it moved him.
Anuj Behal contributed additional reporting from Punjab.
As Trehan’s story unfolds, it highlights the ongoing struggle for artistic expression in the face of censorship and the powerful role cinema plays in remembering and addressing historical truths.
