On Saturday, India showcased a remarkable collection of ancient gems associated with the Buddha, marking their first public display since they were taken during the colonial era. This exhibition in New Delhi featured over 300 precious stones and ornaments, believed to be buried alongside relics of the Buddha at a historical site in northern India.
The Ministry of Culture celebrated this event, noting that it represents the reunification of the Piprahwa relics of the Buddha after 127 years. These artifacts were first discovered in 1898 by British excavator William Claxton Peppe, but they were later scattered around the globe.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the exhibition, expressing that it was a significant occasion for all those who cherish history, culture, and the teachings of the Buddha. The Buddha, who renounced material possessions to promote a life of non-attachment, founded a major world religion with over 500 million followers.
The ancient gems, thought to date back to around 200 BC, were uncovered in Uttar Pradesh. One casket found with the treasures bore an inscription confirming that they included bone fragments identified as “relics of the Buddha.” Although many artifacts were handed over to colonial authorities, some treasures remained with Peppe.
In May 2025, Peppe’s great-grandson, Chris Peppe, placed these gems up for auction. Initially listed by Sotheby’s in Hong Kong with a starting bid of $1.2 million, experts speculated they could sell for much more. However, the auction was halted after India’s Ministry of Culture asserted that the gems are a crucial part of India’s cultural and religious legacy.
The gems were eventually acquired by Godrej Industries Group in collaboration with the Indian government, but the sale price remained undisclosed. A representative of Godrej described the gems as enduring symbols of peace and shared heritage.
Chris Peppe expressed his family’s joy that the public would now have the opportunity to view these historic pieces. The exhibition not only includes the recently returned gems but also features other treasures held in Kolkata and relics from later excavations.
Modi, known for highlighting India’s ancient cultural heritage, has previously loaned parts of the Piprahwa collection for exhibitions in areas with significant Buddhist populations, such as Kalmykia in Russia and Bhutan.
The Indian Ministry of Culture stated that the return of these gems aligns with Modi’s mission to reclaim and celebrate India’s rich spiritual heritage.
