The Complexity of Civic Responsibility in India
Is there something in our collective nature that leads Indians to bend the law? If you look at everyday life in India, it might seem that way. Traffic rules often feel optional, and civic duties are sometimes viewed as someone else’s responsibility. However, the same person who ignores a red light in Delhi becomes perfectly compliant when visiting places like Dubai or Singapore.
This raises an interesting question: Why the difference in behavior? It’s important first to understand that there’s no genetic reason for Indians to break the law. Our makeup doesn’t predispose us to rule-breaking. Instead, historical and societal factors shape how many view government, authority, and civic duty. People don’t break the law simply because “it’s in our nature.” They do so because the environment allows for it. Often, the law is inconsistently enforced, and social consequences for breaking the rules are lacking.
Take Indian drivers, for example. When traffic cameras are installed and fines are automated, suddenly, people become much more careful. The motivation changes dramatically when there’s a guarantee of being caught. This isn’t just an Indian issue; people behave differently when they know they are being watched. Yet, in India, where regulations are often enforced selectively, the presence of surveillance can significantly increase compliance. The reason many follow laws isn’t because they believe in them, but because they fear getting caught.
We’re faced with a challenge: our regulatory systems don’t offer the predictability and consistency needed to inspire trust. This is made worse by three main issues: selective enforcement, complicated processes, and poor infrastructure. Laws often seem to apply unequally, with influential individuals escaping penalties while ordinary citizens face harsh scrutiny. The bureaucratic system can be cumbersome, causing many to find ways around the rules. Also, when public services are dysfunctional, people lose faith in the government’s ability to uphold laws.
In this context, many start asking not “What is the law?” but “What can I get away with?” Although laws exist, the environment that encourages fair and consistent enforcement is often lacking. Remarkably, the same individuals who might carelessly litter in India exhibit exemplary behavior concerning cleanliness in countries like London or Tokyo. They follow rules without being told, pointing to the fact that their behavior is influenced more by the setting than by personal nature.
When the government shows efficiency, people are more likely to comply. Following the rules abroad isn’t hypocrisy; it shows that our actions are shaped significantly by the strength of institutions we interact with.
Another puzzle is why many Indians keep their homes spotless while tolerating rubbish piling up on the streets. This oddity stems from cultural values that have placed greater emphasis on personal cleanliness over communal responsibility. Historically, the “outside” world was viewed as being maintained by others, often marginalized communities responsible for sanitation work.
This mindset lingers today. While we might complain about litter, we often hesitate to change our habits that contribute to it. The towering waste heaps in Delhi are not just environmental issues; they signify a culture that doesn’t see sanitation as a community responsibility. This situation persists because waste management systems are overloaded, and both the government and citizens often disregard these glaring issues.
Our culture sometimes glamorizes breaking rules as clever or savvy. In a society where corruption is commonplace, this mentality thrives. Conversely, when systems are strong and rules firm, Indians can certainly be great citizens—whether in Singapore or in tightly regulated areas of Indian cities.
The answer to improving civic behavior doesn’t lie in changing who we are at our core. Instead, it’s about transforming the environment we live in. To foster better civic behavior, we need to create a society where laws are respected, public spaces matter, accountability is crucial, and government responsiveness is a priority.
(Pavan K Varma is an author, diplomat, and former member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha). These insights are his personal views.)
