A recent study reveals that a popular artificial sweetener may reduce the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center found that sucralose, commonly found in diet sodas and low-calorie snacks, could negatively impact immunotherapy for cancer patients.
The study involved 132 patients diagnosed with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. All participants were undergoing anti-PD1 immunotherapy, either alone or with chemotherapy, and completed dietary questionnaires detailing their artificial sweetener intake.
According to the findings, those who consumed higher amounts of sucralose had a poorer response to treatment and reduced survival rates compared to those who consumed less. Senior author Diwakar Davar pointed out that sucralose appeared to hinder immunotherapy effectiveness across various cancer types and treatment methods.
The researchers suggested that patients consuming high levels of sucralose might benefit from targeted nutrient supplementation. Interestingly, the study also found that taking supplements to increase the amino acid arginine could help counteract the negative impacts of sucralose, improving immunotherapy effectiveness in animal studies.
Lead author Abby Overacre acknowledged that while it might be simple to suggest avoiding diet soda, cancer patients already face significant challenges, and drastic dietary changes may not be practical. “Meeting patients where they are” is essential, she said, emphasizing that arginine supplements represent a straightforward way to help mitigate the adverse effects of sucralose.
The research showed that sucralose could alter gut bacteria in ways that lower arginine levels, which are vital for T-cell function associated with immunotherapy. When arginine was depleted, T cells struggled to work effectively, leading to less successful treatment outcomes in the mice studied.
Looking ahead, the researchers plan to launch a clinical trial to explore the effects of arginine supplementation in human cancer patients and examine how other sugar substitutes might influence immunotherapy.
Despite these findings, it is important to note that the study has limitations, such as its small observational nature and reliance on self-reported dietary data, which can be inaccurate. Regulatory bodies, including the FDA, have deemed sucralose safe for consumption over the years.
As health experts remind patients, any dietary changes should be discussed with their healthcare team to ensure the best care during cancer treatment.
