Rise of Dengue Cases in Hawaii
Hawaii is facing an increase in dengue virus cases, with the state recently confirming its 12th case of the year. The most recent case was detected on Maui, while the majority of the cases—eleven—have been reported on Oahu. According to the Hawaii Department of Health (DOH), the latest patient contracted the virus while traveling in a region where dengue is common.
Dengue fever is primarily spread through bites from infected mosquitoes, especially the tiger mosquito, which is known to be highly invasive. This disease occurs in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including parts of the Americas, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, as well as many Caribbean locations.
Other areas experiencing spikes in dengue cases include Mexico, Fiji, French Polynesia, and Brazil. Puerto Rico and American Samoa are also dealing with ongoing dengue outbreaks. In the U.S., there were nearly 2,000 reported cases of dengue in 2024.
While mosquitoes capable of carrying dengue exist in Hawaii, the DOH emphasizes the disease is not endemic to the state, meaning it’s typically only linked to travelers.
Symptoms and Treatment
Common symptoms of dengue fever can start appearing within two weeks after a mosquito bite. These often include pain in the muscles and joints, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and rashes. Most individuals recover within a week.
Dr. Mark Fischer, regional medical director at International SOS, notes that while dengue is usually mild, it can become severe, leading to headaches, high fever, and abdominal pain, and in some cases, it can be fatal. At this time, there is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue, but those infected can manage symptoms by resting, staying hydrated, and using over-the-counter pain relievers.
A vaccine is available for children ages 9 to 16 who have previously had dengue and live in areas where the disease is present.
Prevention Measures
The DOH advises returning travelers from dengue-affected regions to take steps to prevent mosquito bites for three weeks post-arrival. If symptoms arise within two weeks, medical attention should be sought promptly.
To reduce mosquito breeding, experts recommend draining standing water from containers, plants, and any other items where rainwater can collect. This simple step can significantly limit mosquito populations.
Dr. Fischer highlights the importance of using insect repellents that contain active ingredients like DEET or picaridin. It’s also advised to wear long clothing, especially during dusk and evening when mosquitoes are most active.
Keeping screens on windows and doors can prevent mosquitoes from entering homes, while using mosquito nets while sleeping is recommended in areas with high mosquito populations.
For those spending time outdoors, applying EPA-registered insect repellents and treating clothing with permethrin can provide additional protection against mosquito bites.
These precautions are vital for avoiding not only dengue but also other mosquito-borne diseases, ensuring a safer environment for all.
